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All text copyright © 2002 by Gershen Kaufman. II. SHAME AND SELF-ESTEEM THEORY: DEVELOPMENTAL SOURCES INTERNALIZATION MAGNIFICATION SCENES AND SCRIPTS SHAME-BASED SYNDROMES GENDER/CULTURE/SOCIETY GAY/LESBIAN IDENTITY MINORITY IDENTITY INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WAR AFFECT AND IDEOLOGY
TOOLS: SHAME SCENE SHAME PROFILE
SIGNIFICANCE OF SHAME
IMPLICATIONS OF AN AFFECT THEORY PERSPECTIVE ON SHAME 1. SHAME IS AN INNATE UNIVERSAL AFFECT WITH INHERENTLY ADAPTIVE, DISTINCTLY POSITIVE FEATURES.
2. SHAME BEGINS AS PARTIAL AND TEMPORARY.
3. SHAME CAN BE EXPERIENCED IN THE ABSENCE OF A WATCHING OR SHAMING OTHER.
4. SHAME IS OBSERVABLE FROM BIRTH THROUGHOUT THE LIFE CYCLE TO DEATH.
5. CRITICAL DISTINCTION:
6. THE CONTINUING DEBATE ABOUT SHAME VS. GUILT IS RENDERED OBSOLETE AND IRRELEVANT.
7. THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN SHAME AND GUILT IS EQUIVALENT TO THAT BETWEEN SHAME AND SHYNESS:
8. SHAME IS NOT THE SAME AS, NOR SIMPLY THE PRODUCT OF, NEGATIVE COGNITIVE SELF-APPRAISALS.
9. SHAME IS NOT THE RESULT OF DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILIES ALONE -- NOT JUST THE CONSEQUENCE OF DISTURBED INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS.
10. THE CENTRALITY OF SHAME:
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SHAME:
SHAME THEORY PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES LANGUAGE AND SHAME AFFECT THEORY AND SHAME IMPLICATIONS OF AFFECT THEORY THREE MISTAKEN ASSUMPTIONS:
THE QUEST FOR BIOCHEMICAL ANSWERS SIGNIFICANCE OF SHAME FOR:
PHENOMENOLOGY OF SHAME 1. INNER EXPERIENCE:
2. EFFECTS ON SELF:
3. FACIAL SIGNS:
4. SECONDARY REACTIONS:
SHAME COMPLEXES
COASSEMBLED SHAME COMPLEX:
SPECTRUM OF GUILT COMPLEXES
SHAME -- Immorality Shame ANGER -- Accusatory Self-Blame FEAR DISTRESS -- Grief, Remorse DISSMELL DISGUST CONTEMPT (Anger plus Dissmell)
DEVELOPMENTAL SOURCES OF SHAME INNATE ACTIVATOR INTERPERSONAL ACTIVATOR
PREVERBAL CHILDHOOD ADOLESCENCE ADULTHOOD OLD AGE
CULTURAL SOURCES OF SHAME
OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS 1. SIGNIFICANCE OF SHAME:
2. PHENOMENOLOGY OF SHAME 3. SOURCES AND COMPLEXES 4. DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRESSION 5. INTERNALIZATION: 6. PSYCHOLOGICAL MAGNIFICATION: 7. DEFENDING SCRIPTS 8. IDENTITY SCRIPTS (SELF-SHAMING):
9. DISOWNING AND SPLITTING 10. SHAME-BASED SYNDROMES
INNATE MOTIVATIONAL SYSTEMS
OTHER INNATE FACTORS INNATE TEMPERAMENT: INTROVERSION -- EXTROVERSION INNATE AFFECT-DRIVE-NEED INTENSITY, AND/OR INNATE ACTIVATION THRESHOLD INNATE SEXUAL ORIENTATION:
AFFECT-SHAME BINDS EXCITEMENT -- SHAME BIND ENJOYMENT -- SHAME BIND SURPRISE -- SHAME BIND ANGER -- SHAME BIND FEAR -- SHAME BIND DISTRESS -- SHAME BIND SHAME -- SHAME BIND DISSMELL -- SHAME BIND DISGUST -- SHAME BIND
DRIVE-SHAME BINDS SEX -- SHAME BIND HUNGER -- SHAME BIND
INTERPERSONAL NEED-SHAME BINDS RELATIONSHIP -- SHAME BIND TOUCHING/HOLDING -- SHAME BIND IDENTIFICATION -- SHAME BIND DIFFERENTIATION -- SHAME BIND NURTURE -- SHAME BIND AFFIRMATION -- SHAME BIND POWER -- SHAME BIND
SHAME PROFILE: STAGES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL MAGNIFICATION STAGE III:
STAGE II:
STAGE I:
DEFENDING SCRIPTS RAGE CONTEMPT STRIVING FOR PERFECTION STRIVING FOR POWER TRANSFER OF BLAME INTERNAL WITHDRAWAL HUMOR DENIAL
IDENTITY SCRIPTS
THEORY OF SHAME-BASED SYNDROMES 1. AFFECT THEORY PERSPECTIVE
2. CENTRAL CONSTRUCTS:
3. DETERMINANTS OF SYNDROME DEVELOPMENT:
4. CLASSES OF SHAME-BASED SYNDROMES
CLASSES OF SHAME-BASED SYNDROMES COMPULSIVE SYNDROMES
DEPRESSIVE, SCHIZOID, AND PARANOID SYNDROMES PHOBIC SYNDROMES SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION SYNDROMES SPLITTING SYNDROMES
SOCIOPATHIC/PSYCHOPATHIC SYNDROMES
SIGNIFICANCE OF SHAME MULTI-LAYERED NATURE OF SHAME:
AFFECT, SCENE, AND SCRIPT:
AFFECT OF SHAME:
SHAME THEORY: NEW DIRECTIONS AGING DISABILITY SCHOOL SETTING WORK SETTING GENDER CULTURE GAY/LESBIAN IDENTITY MINORITY IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WAR
SHAME AND THE AGING PROCESS INFANCY CHILDHOOD ADOLESCENCE ADULTHOOD OLD AGE
AGING:
DISABILITY AS A SOURCE OF SHAME BODY DEFICIENCY = SELF DEFICIENCY POWERLESSNESS
ON-LOOKERS EXPERIENCE:
SHAME IN THE SCHOOL SETTING 1. ROLE OF TEACHERS 2. ROLE OF PEERS 3. PARTITIONING OF CLASS INTO DIFFERENT
ABILITY GROUPS 5. NEED FOR IDENTIFICATION WITH PEERS AND TEACHERS:
6. NEED FOR AFFIRMATION FROM PEERS AND TEACHERS:
SHAME IN THE WORK SETTING 1. POWER VS. POWERLESSNESS 2. NEED FOR IDENTIFICATION: A SENSE OF BELONGING 3. NEED FOR AFFIRMATION:
4. REENACTMENT OF SHAME SCENES 5. SHAMING SCRIPTS:
6. MORALE:
DIFFERENTIAL GENDER SHAMING 1. GENDER SHAMING PATTERNS:
2. FEMININE AND MASCULINE GENDER SCRIPTS 3. FROM GENDER SCRIPTS TO GENDER IDEOLOGIES 4. REVERSING THE STRATIFICATION OF THE AFFECTS AND NEEDS 5. THE IDEOLOGY OF WHOLENESS AND INTEGRATION
SHAME AND GAY/LESBIAN IDENTITY 1. IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT AND CONFLICTING IDENTIFICATIONS 2. CONTEMPT: A STRATEGY OF THE POWERLESS 3. SCENES OF SHAME 4. IDENTITY SCRIPTS:
5. HOMOPHOBIA:
6. RESOLVING CONFLICTING IDENTIFICATIONS
PATTERNING OF SHAME BY CULTURE 1. CULTURAL SCRIPTS 2. AMERICAN CULTURE:
3. NATIVE AMERICANS 4. CHICANO 5. ESKIMOS 6. SOUTHERN STATES IN THE U. S. 7. MEDITERRANEAN CULTURES 8. EASTERN CULTURES 9. EXAMINING CULTURES FOR:
10. CULTURAL SCRIPTS CREATE A NATION'S NATIONAL CHARACTER 11. CULTURAL SCRIPTS PATTERN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AROUND SHAME 12. PATTERN OF AFFECT DISPLAY:
13. CULTURAL SCRIPTS GOVERNING FOOD, EATING, AND PUBLIC EATING:
14. PATTERN OF INTERPERSONAL NEED DISPLAY:
15. DEGREE TO WHICH IDENTIFICATION WITH THE GROUP BECOMES MAGNIFIED IN A GIVEN CULTURE 16. DISPLAY OF TOUCHING/HOLDING NEED VARIES BY CULTURE 17. DISPLAY OF MUTUAL FACIAL GAZING (IDENTIFICATION) VARIES BY CULTURE
MULTI-LAYERED NATURE OF SHAME AGING DISABILITY SCHOOL SETTING WORK SETTING GENDER SEXUAL ORIENTATION CULTURE
AFFECT AND IDEOLOGY AMONG NATIONS SHAME AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS:
IDEOLOGY, AFFECT, AND WAR:
SURVIVOR SHAME POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IDEOLOGICAL DISPUTES IDENTITY, CULTURE, AND IDEOLOGY
TREATMENT OF SHAME-BASED SYNDROMES TREATMENT MODEL: 1. RESTORING INTERPERSONAL BRIDGE:
2. RECOVERING GOVERNING SCENES:
3. HEALING SHAME:
4. REGAINING EQUAL POWER
SCENE CONSTRUCTION, REACTIVATION, & TRANSFORMATION LANGUAGE
AFFECT IMAGERY
HEALING SHAME
All text copyright © 2002 by Gershen Kaufman.
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DISOWNING